SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATION IN CALABAR USING NEAREST-NEIGHBOUR ANALYSIS

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Published: 2026-07-15
DOI: https://doi.org/10.83374/jesber.vol1no2.44
Keywords:
tourist accommodation, hotel location, Average Nearest Neighbour, GIS, Calabar, spatial planning, complete spatial randomness, destination services

Main Article Content

Usang Nkanu Onnoghen
Department of Environmental Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract

This study evaluates the spatial distribution of sampled tourist accommodation establishments in Calabar, Nigeria. 20 GPS locations were quality-checked, with the source’s latitude and longitude labels corrected from numeric ranges. Coordinates were mapped, nearest-neighbour distances recalculated geodesically, and the Average Nearest Neighbour output interpreted under complete spatial randomness. The establishments occupied a compact metropolitan extent, with a mean centre near 4.985° N and 8.340° E. Short nearest-neighbour links occurred between paired or closely spaced establishments, while northern and peripheral properties increased overall dispersion. The analysis reported an Average Nearest Neighbour ratio of 0.907, z = −1.1168 and p = .2641. Accordingly, the sampled pattern was not statistically distinguishable from complete spatial randomness at the .05 level; this is not evidence that accommodation location is unstructured or that the full population is random. Implications: Planning requires a complete accommodation inventory, verified coordinates, road-access measures, service-capacity data and multi-distance analysis before zoning or investment decisions.

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Vol. 1 No. 2 (2026)

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How to Cite

SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF TOURIST ACCOMMODATION IN CALABAR USING NEAREST-NEIGHBOUR ANALYSIS . (2026). Journal of Enviromental Sciences and Built Environental Research, 1(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.83374/jesber.vol1no2.44

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